| Differentiating |
 | piqritau(q) = 1 |
|
| twice with respect to q gives |
 |
piqritau(q)((d2tau/dq2)ln(ri) +
(ln(pi) + ln(ri) dtau/dq)2) = 0   (*) |
|
| Solving for d2tau/dq2 we find |
| d2tau/dq2 = -( |  |
piqritau(q)(ln(pi) + (dtau/dq)ln(ri))2)/( |
 |
piqritau(q)(ln(ri))) |
|
| Because each piqritau(q) > 0
and each ln(ri) < 0, we see d2tau/dq2 >= 0. |
| Finally, suppose d2tau/dq2 = 0. Then equation (*) becomes |
 |
piqritau(q)( ln(pi) +
ln(ri) dtau/dq)2 = 0 |
|
| Consequently, for each i, dtau/dq = -ln(pi)/ln(ri).
That is, all the ln(pi)/ln(ri) are equal. |
| That is, if not all the ln(pi)/ln(ri) are equal,
then d2tau/dq2 > 0. |
|